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Paul Graham on mistakes that kill startups, Steve Jobs on being a doer and thinker, and the garage where Jeff Bezos built Amazon

The Z Fellows Newsletter - November 10, 2025

Welcome back to the Z Fellows newsletter! Every Monday we share 3 ideas - to help you build companies, ship products, and create your life's work.

1: Paul Graham on mistakes that kill startups

  1. Single Founder

  2. Bad Location

  3. Marginal Niche

  4. Derivative Idea

  5. Obstinacy (stick-to-your-vision approach)

  6. Hiring Bad Programmers

  7. Choosing the Wrong Platform

  8. Slowness in Launching

  9. Launching Too Early

  10. Having No Specific User in Mind

  11. Raising Too Little Money

  12. Spending Too Much

  13. Raising Too Much Money

  14. Poor Investor Management

  15. Sacrificing Users to (Supposed) Profit

  16. Not Wanting to Get Your Hands Dirty

  17. Fights Between Founders

  18. A Half-Hearted Effort

2: Steve Jobs on being a doer and thinker

“The doers are the thinkers.

Did Leonardo have a guy off to the side who was thinking five years into the future about what he would paint or the technology he would use to paint it?

Of course not. Leonardo was an artist, but he also mixed his own paints. He also was a fairly good chemist and knew about pigments and human anatomy.

Combining all of those skills together - the art and the science, the thinking and the doing - is what resulted in the exceptional result.

There is no difference in our industry. The people that have really made the contributions have been the thinkers and the doers.

It’s very easy for somebody to take credit for the thinking and say, ‘Oh, I thought of this three years ago’. But usually, when you dig a little deeper, you find that the people that really did it were also the people that really worked through the hard intellectual problems as well.

3: The garage where Jeff Bezos built Amazon

Best of The Week

See you next Monday,

- The Z Fellows Team

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