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- Paul Graham on mistakes that kill startups, Steve Jobs on being a doer and thinker, and the garage where Jeff Bezos built Amazon
Paul Graham on mistakes that kill startups, Steve Jobs on being a doer and thinker, and the garage where Jeff Bezos built Amazon
The Z Fellows Newsletter - November 10, 2025
Welcome back to the Z Fellows newsletter! Every Monday we share 3 ideas - to help you build companies, ship products, and create your life's work.

1: Paul Graham on mistakes that kill startups
Single Founder
Bad Location
Marginal Niche
Derivative Idea
Obstinacy (stick-to-your-vision approach)
Hiring Bad Programmers
Choosing the Wrong Platform
Slowness in Launching
Launching Too Early
Having No Specific User in Mind
Raising Too Little Money
Spending Too Much
Raising Too Much Money
Poor Investor Management
Sacrificing Users to (Supposed) Profit
Not Wanting to Get Your Hands Dirty
Fights Between Founders
A Half-Hearted Effort

2: Steve Jobs on being a doer and thinker
“The doers are the thinkers.
Did Leonardo have a guy off to the side who was thinking five years into the future about what he would paint or the technology he would use to paint it?
Of course not. Leonardo was an artist, but he also mixed his own paints. He also was a fairly good chemist and knew about pigments and human anatomy.
Combining all of those skills together - the art and the science, the thinking and the doing - is what resulted in the exceptional result.
There is no difference in our industry. The people that have really made the contributions have been the thinkers and the doers.
It’s very easy for somebody to take credit for the thinking and say, ‘Oh, I thought of this three years ago’. But usually, when you dig a little deeper, you find that the people that really did it were also the people that really worked through the hard intellectual problems as well.”
Source: Steve jobs on Thinkers And Doers

3: The garage where Jeff Bezos built Amazon


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See you next Monday,
- The Z Fellows Team
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